I had taken a loan from my existing life insurance policy, which I repaid along with my quarterly premiums. Will my final returns from the policy be affected in any way?

Once you take a loan on a life insurance policy, it is independent of the returns under the policy.

Insurance companies charge interest on the amount of loan advanced against the policy. Once the principal amount along with the interest is repaid, it does not have any affect on the final returns of the policy.